{"id":36,"date":"2022-08-10T13:51:51","date_gmt":"2022-08-10T13:51:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.prepaplus.tv\/blog\/?p=36"},"modified":"2022-08-10T13:51:51","modified_gmt":"2022-08-10T13:51:51","slug":"Pyhton-les-bases-pour-reussir-en-prepa","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.prepaplus.tv\/blog\/Pyhton-les-bases-pour-reussir-en-prepa\/","title":{"rendered":"PYTHON : les bases pour r\u00e9ussir en pr\u00e9pa"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Le Python<\/strong> est le nouveau langage informatique utilis\u00e9 en math\u00e9matiques avec la r\u00e9forme ECG. Il vous sera n\u00e9cessaire de ma\u00eetriser non seulement les bases du langage mais aussi certains points avanc\u00e9s pour r\u00e9pondre au mieux aux questions d\u2019informatique. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ma\u00eetriser les bases du Python est indispensable<\/strong> pour acqu\u00e9rir et comprendre ce langage.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Voyons dans cet article les bases du Python pour r\u00e9ussir en pr\u00e9pa !<\/p>\n\n\n\n



<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les op\u00e9rations de base et les variables<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

En Python, les op\u00e9rations sur les nombres<\/strong> (addition, soustraction, multiplication, etc\u2026) s\u2019expriment avec des symboles. Voici un tableau r\u00e9capitulant les op\u00e9rations de base :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\n\n\n\n
Addition<\/td>\nSoustraction<\/td>\nMultiplication<\/td>\nDivision<\/td>\nPuissance<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
A + B<\/td>\nA – B<\/td>\nA * B<\/td>\nA \/ B<\/td>\nA**B<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Ensuite, voyons un objet de base en Python : les variables<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les variables sont un emplacement m\u00e9moire dans lequel on peut stocker une donn\u00e9e. Elle peut \u00eatre d\u00e9sign\u00e9e par une lettre (A) ou une cha\u00eene de caract\u00e8res (Auto_stop).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Voici les principaux types de variables :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n\n
  • \nInt : Les entiers<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
  • \nFloats : Les nombres \u00e0 virgules<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
  • \nBool : True et False<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
  • \nList : Les listes de nombres <\/strong>(exemple : [5, 2, 3])\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
  • \nStr : Les cha\u00eenes de caract\u00e8re<\/strong>\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

    On affecte une valeur \u00e0 une variable avec le symbole =, la valeur est plac\u00e9e \u00e0 droite du symbole tandis que le nom de la variable est \u00e9crit \u00e0 gauche. Par exemple : x=4<\/p>\n\n\n\n



    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Les instructions de base en Python<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

    L\u2019instruction input ()<\/strong> <\/strong>: L\u2019instruction a = input (\u2018\u2026\u2019) affiche le texte \u00e9crit entre les apostrophes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    L\u2019instruction print ()<\/strong> : L\u2019instruction print (\u2018\u2026\u2019) affiche le texte \u00e9crit dans les apostrophes, il peut aussi afficher le contenu d\u2019une variable, par exemple print(a) affiche le contenu de la variable a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    L\u2019instruction range () : L\u2019instruction range () cr\u00e9e une liste de coefficients, selon les arguments pr\u00e9sents dans les parenth\u00e8ses.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    Soit n, m et r de type int avec n < m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      \n\n\n\n
    • \nRange (n)<\/strong> cr\u00e9e une liste dont les coefficients sont les entiers successifs de 0 \u00e0 n \u2013 1\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    • \nRange (n, m)<\/strong> cr\u00e9e une liste dont les coefficients sont les entiers successifs de n \u00e0 m \u2013 1\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    • \nRange (n, m, r)<\/strong> cr\u00e9e une liste dont les coefficients progressent de fa\u00e7on arithm\u00e9tique avec une raison \/ un pas de r, de premier terme n et dont le dernier terme ne d\u00e9passe pas m.\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

      Attention<\/strong> : Il est important de noter que les listes cr\u00e9\u00e9es s\u2019arr\u00eatent avant l\u2019entier pris comme extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 \u00e0 droite<\/strong>.<\/strong> Par d\u00e9faut, la liste commence \u00e0 0 et non \u00e0 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n



      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Les tests logiques<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

      Les tests logiques<\/strong> renvoient comme r\u00e9sultat : True<\/strong>, si le test est valide ; False<\/strong>, si le test n\u2019est pas valide.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

      Voici les diff\u00e9rents types de tests logiques qu\u2019on peut r\u00e9aliser avec Python : <\/p>\n\n\n\n

        \n\n\n\n
      • \nA < B ; A > B ; A <= B<\/strong> (inf\u00e9rieur ou \u00e9gal) ; A >= B<\/strong> (sup\u00e9rieur ou \u00e9gal)\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      • \nA == B<\/strong> (\u00e9gal) ; A != B<\/strong> (diff\u00e9rent)\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n

        En plus des tests logiques, on peut utiliser des instructions sur les tests :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n\n\n\n
        1. \nL\u2019instruction \u2026 and \u2026<\/strong> : Elle renvoie True si les deux tests logiques plac\u00e9s \u00e0 droite et \u00e0 gauche du mot cl\u00e9 contiennent la valeur True. Sinon, elle renvoie la valeur False\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        2. \nL\u2019instruction \u2026 or \u2026<\/strong> : Elle renvoie True si au moins l\u2019un des deux tests logiques plac\u00e9s \u00e0 droite et \u00e0 gauche du mot cl\u00e9 contiennent la valeur True. Sinon, elle renvoie la valeur False (si les deux tests sont faux)\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
        3. \nL\u2019instruction not\u2026<\/strong> <\/strong>: Elle renvoie la n\u00e9gation du test plac\u00e9 \u00e0 droite du mot cl\u00e9.\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n



          <\/p>\n\n\n\n

          Les programmes de base<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

          L\u2019instruction if \u2026<\/strong> : Si le test logique renvoie la valeur True, alors le programme ex\u00e9cute l\u2019instruction, si le test renvoie la valeur False, le programme ne fait rien.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n\n\n\n
          Ecriture<\/td>\nExemple<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
          \n

          If test :<\/p>\n

          Instruction<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          If 5 < 6<\/p>\n

          Print(a)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

          L\u2019instruction if \u2026 else<\/strong> : Cette instruction fonctionne de la m\u00eame mani\u00e8re que la pr\u00e9c\u00e9dente \u00e0 la diff\u00e9rence que si le test logique renvoie la valeur False, alors, le programme ex\u00e9cute ce qu\u2019il y a apr\u00e8s la deuxi\u00e8me instruction suivant else.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

          \n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n
          \n

          Ecriture<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          Exemple<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

          \n

          If test:<\/span><\/p>\n

          Instruction_1<\/span><\/p>\n

          Else:<\/span><\/p>\n

          Instruction_2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

          		\n

          If 2 > 4:<\/span>
          <\/span>Print(a)<\/span>
          <\/span>Else:<\/span>
          <\/span>Print(b)<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

          Il est possible de fusionner plusieurs instructions conditionnelles avec la commande elif<\/strong> : Si l\u2019instruction if \u2026 renvoie la valeur False, alors le programme va voir quelle valeur (True ou False) renvoie l\u2019instruction elif\u2026 :<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n\n\n\n
          • \nSi elif renvoie la valeur True, c\u2019est son instruction qui sera effectu\u00e9e.\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
          • \nSi elif renvoie la valeur False, c\u2019est l\u2019instruction pr\u00e9sent dans else qui sera effectu\u00e9.\n<\/li>\n\n\n\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n



            <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            La boucle for<\/strong> : Elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te en boucle une instruction pr\u00e9cise pour chaque valeur, k, d\u2019une liste, L.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n
            \n

            Ecriture<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            Exemple<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            For k in L:<\/span><\/p>\n

            Instruction<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            s = 0<\/span>
            <\/span>for k in range (100):<\/span>
            <\/span>S = S + k<\/span>
            <\/span>print(s)<\/span><\/p>\n
            \n

            Signification : Le programme ci-dessous va effectuer la somme de tous les termes de 0 \u00e0 99 et va renvoyer le r\u00e9sultat \u00e0 la fin.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n



            <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            La boucle while<\/strong> : Elle r\u00e9p\u00e8te une instruction pr\u00e9cise tant que le test logique prend valeur True<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n
            \n

            Ecriture<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            Exemple<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            While test:<\/span><\/p>\n

            instruction<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            s = 0 ; k = 1<\/span>
            <\/span>while k < 10<\/span>
            <\/span>s = s + k<\/span>
            <\/span>k = k + 1<\/span>
            <\/span>print (s)<\/span><\/p>\n
            \n

            Signification : Le programme ci-dessous effectue la somme des k jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que la valeur des k jusqu\u2019\u00e0 ce que la valeur de k soit sup\u00e9rieur \u00e0 10.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n



            <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Les fonctions<\/strong> : L\u2019\u00e9criture d\u2019une fonction ne diff\u00e8re pas beaucoup des math\u00e9matiques classiques, il y a simplement un jeu d\u2019\u00e9criture \u00e0 conna\u00eetre.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            \n<\/colgroup>\n\n\n\n
            \n

            Ecriture<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            Exemple<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            \n

            Def f(x):<\/span>
            <\/span>Instruction<\/span>
            <\/span>return \u2026<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		\n

            Def f(x) :<\/span>
            <\/span>y = x + 2<\/span><\/p>\n

            Return y<\/span><\/p>\n
            \n

            Signification : On a \u00e9crit en Python la fonction f(x) = x + 2<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

             <\/p>\n\n\n\n

            Qu\u2019est ce qu\u2019une variable en informatique ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            Les variables sont un emplacement m\u00e9moire dans lequel on peut stocker une donn\u00e9e. Elle peut \u00eatre d\u00e9sign\u00e9e par une lettre (A) ou une cha\u00eene de caract\u00e8res (Auto_stop). On affecte une valeur \u00e0 une variable avec le symbole =, la valeur est plac\u00e9e \u00e0 droite du symbole tandis que le nom de la variable est \u00e9crit \u00e0 gauche. Par exemple : x=4<\/p>\n\n\n\n

            A quoi sert Python ?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

            Python est un langage informatique avec un syntaxe simple. Il permet de coder des applications web, des logiciels ou encore des algorithmes d\u2019analyse de donn\u00e9es.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

            Le Python est le nouveau langage informatique utilis\u00e9 en math\u00e9matiques avec la r\u00e9forme ECG. Ma\u00eetriser les bases du Python est indispensable pour acqu\u00e9rir et comprendre ce langage.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":105,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_kad_post_transparent":"","_kad_post_title":"","_kad_post_layout":"","_kad_post_sidebar_id":"","_kad_post_content_style":"","_kad_post_vertical_padding":"","_kad_post_feature":"","_kad_post_feature_position":"","_kad_post_header":false,"_kad_post_footer":false,"_kad_post_classname":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-36","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-Informatique"],"yoast_head":"\nPYTHON : les bases pour r\u00e9ussir en pr\u00e9pa - Pr\u00e9pa +<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.prepaplus.tv\/blog\/Pyhton-les-bases-pour-reussir-en-prepa\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PYTHON : les bases pour r\u00e9ussir en pr\u00e9pa - Pr\u00e9pa +\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Le Python est le nouveau langage informatique utilis\u00e9 en math\u00e9matiques avec la r\u00e9forme ECG. 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